Heiner Schwarte, Guido Masarotto, Stefano Iacus, Seth Falcon, and Duncan Murdoch were members. As of 2021, it consisted of Gentleman, Ihaka, and Maechler, plus Douglas Bates, John Chambers, Peter Dalgaard, Kurt Hornik, Tomas Kalibera, Michael Lawrence, Friedrich Leisch, Uwe Ligges, Thomas Lumley, Martin Morgan, Paul Murrell, Martyn Plummer, Brian Ripley, Deepayan Sarkar, Duncan Temple Lang, Luke Tierney, and Simon Urbanek. The R Core Team was formed in 1997 to further develop the language.
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In 1995, Martin Maechler convinced Ihaka and Gentleman to make R free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. It was named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. In 1991 Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, embarked on an S implementation, independent of S-PLUS. Many codes written for S-PLUS run unaltered in R. A commercial version of S was offered as S-PLUS starting in 1988. S was created by John Chambers in 1976 while at Bell Labs. R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics. Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment and Jupyter, a notebook interface. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting) and is available under the GNU General Public License. The official R software environment is a GNU package.
Polls, data mining surveys, and studies of scholarly literature databases show that R is highly popular since AugustĀ 2021, R ranks 14th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity. It is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
It is supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics.